[China Glass Network] 1. Liner freight rate (1) Related terms: 1. Basic rate (BASIC RATE), refers to the basic freight charged for each unit of charge (such as a freight ton). The basic rate is divided into a rate, a rate, an ad valorem rate, a special rate and a uniform rate. Liner shipping costs consist of two parts: basic shipping and surcharges. 2. Surcharge (SURCHARGES): In order to maintain the stability of the basic rate within a certain period of time, and to correctly reflect the shipping costs of various goods in each port, the liner company has set various fees in addition to the basic rate.
Mainly: (1) Fuel surcharge (BUNKER SURCHARGE OR BUNKER ADJUSTMENT FACTOR--BAF). Addition when the fuel price suddenly rises. (2) Devaluation of the currency depreciation (DEVALUATION SURCHARGE OR CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR--CAF). When the currency depreciates, the ship's actual income will not be reduced, and the surcharge will be charged according to a certain percentage of the basic freight rate. (3) Transshipment surcharge (TRANSHIPMENT SURCHARGE). All goods destined for non-essential ports need to be transferred to the destination. Port, the surcharge charged by the ship, including the transfer fee and the two-way freight. (4) DIRECT ADDITIONAL. When the goods shipped to the non-essential port reach a certain volume, the shipping company can arrange direct flights. Surcharges for the port without transshipment. (5) HEAVY LIFT ADDITIONAL super long surcharge (LONG LENGTH ADDITIONAL) and oversized surcharge (SURCHARGE OF BULKY CARGO). A surcharge is imposed when the gross weight or length or volume of a cargo exceeds or reaches the value specified in this tariff. (6) Port surcharge (PORT ADDITIONAL OR PORT SUECHARGE). Some ports add surcharges to shipping companies due to poor equipment conditions or low loading and unloading efficiency, among other reasons. (7) Port Congestion Surcharge (PORT CONGESTION SURCHARGE). Some ports are subject to additional charges due to congestion and increased ship berthing time. (8) OPTIONAL SURCHARGE. The cargo consignment fashion cannot determine the specific port unloading. It is required to select one port for unloading in the two or more ports proposed in advance, and the surcharge for the ship's party. (9) Alteration of the ALTERNATIONAL OF DESTINATION CHARGE The owner of the ALTERNATIONAL OF DESTINATION CHARGE is required to change the original port of the goods, subject to the permission of the relevant authorities (such as the Customs) and the ship's consent. (10) Deferred surcharge (DEVIATION SURCHARGE). As the normal waterway is blocked and cannot pass, the ship must detour to be able to transport the goods to the port of destination, the surcharge imposed by the ship.
(2) BASIS/UNIT FOR FREIGHT CALCULATION: usually according to the weight of the goods; according to the size or volume of the goods; according to the weight or size of the goods, choose the freight with higher shipping cost; calculate a certain percentage according to the FOB price of the goods. As a fee, it is called ad valorem freight; it is calculated as one unit per piece; the freight is charged by the ship and the goods at a temporary price, which is called bargaining.
(3) Freight calculation steps: (1) select the relevant tariff book; (2) find the freight calculation standard (BASIS) and grade (CLASS) in the cargo classification table according to the cargo name; (3) the grade rate In the basic rate section of the table, find the corresponding route, the port of departure, the port of destination, and find the basic tariff by grade.
(4) Find out all the receivables (payments) and the amount (or percentage) and currency type from the surcharge part; (5) Calculate the actual freight rate based on the basic freight rate and surcharge; (6) Freight = Freight rate X freight ton 2. Calculation of charter shipping costs:
The freight rate specified in the charter contract is calculated based on the amount of each unit weight or volume of the goods; some stipulates the whole ship package price (LUMPSUM FREIGHT). The rate is mainly determined by the supply and demand relationship in the charter market, but it is also related to the transportation distance, cargo type, loading and unloading rate, port usage, loading and unloading cost division and commission level. In the contract, the freight is calculated according to the loading weight (INTAKEN QUANTITY) or the unloading weight (DELIVERED QUANTITY). The freight is prepaid or paid, and must be prescribed. It is important to note that the freight payable time is the date the shipowner receives, not the date the charterer pays.
The division method of loading and unloading costs: (1) GROSS OR LINER OR BERTH TERMS is also called “liner condition”. (2) The ship does not pay the loading and unloading fee (FREE IN AND OUT--FIO). When this condition is adopted, it is also necessary to clarify who will pay for the accommodation fee and the flat fare. Generally, the charterer is required to bear the burden, that is, the ship does not bear the loading and unloading, the cabin and the cabin fee (FREE IN AND OUT, STOWED, TRIMMED--FIOST). (3) The condition of the ship's pipe loading and unloading (FREE OUT--FO). (4) The condition of the ship's pipe unloading (FREE IN--FI).
3. Container shipping freight At present, the container freight sea freight rate system is more mature than the inland freight rate. It is basically divided into two major categories, one is the calculation method of the miscellaneous freight charges for the use of parts, that is, the unit of freight per ton (commonly known as the bulk price), and the other is the unit of each container (commonly known as the box price). ).
1. Basic rate of groceries plus surcharge:
(1) Basic rate--refer to the traditional freight rate, the freight rate is calculated as the unit, and the rate is used on most routes.
(2) Surcharges - In addition to the regular surcharges received by traditional groceries, additional surcharges related to the transportation of containerized cargo are also required.
2. Box rate (BOX RATE): This rate is calculated for each container. It is often used for container delivery, ie CFS-CY or CY-CY. Common box rates are as follows. Three manifestations:
(1) FAK box rate (FREIGHT FOR ALL KINDS)--that is, for each container, the goods in the box are not subdivided, and the freight rate (within the important limit) is not counted.
(2) FCS weight box rate (FREIGHT FOR CLASS)--the box rate according to different cargo grades. The classification of common cargo of containers is the same as that of grocery transportation. It is still 1-20, but the container cargo The rate difference is much smaller than the grocery rate difference. Generally, the low-level container charges are higher than the traditional transportation, and the high-priced containers are lower than the traditional transportation; for the same level of goods, the heavy-duty container freight rate is higher than the bulk freight price. It can be seen that the shipping company encourages people to transport high-priced goods and bulk cargo containers. At this rate, the LCL freight charge calculation is the same as the traditional transport, the grade is calculated according to the name of the goods, the standard is calculated, and then the corresponding rate is set, multiplied by the freight ton, that is, the freight is obtained.
(3) FCB box rate (FREIGHT FOR CLASS or BASIS) - this is the rate based on different cargo grades or goods and calculation standards.
Calculation of air freight (1) Billing weight: The airline stipulates that when the cargo volume is small and the weight is large, it is calculated according to the actual weight; when the cargo is bulky and the weight is small, it is calculated by volume. In the centralized consignment, a batch of goods consists of several different goods, and there are also heavy goods and heavy goods. The billing weight is calculated by the higher gross weight or total volume weight of the entire batch of goods.
(2) Types of airline freight rates and fees 1. Freight rate (RATES): The freight charged by the carrier for the specified weight unit (or volume) for the transported goods is called the freight rate. The freight rate refers to the air cost between the airport and the airport (AIRPORT TO AIRPORT), excluding other charges charged by the carrier, agent or airport.
2. TRANSPORTATION CHARGES: The shipping cost of each shipment that the consignor or consignee should pay according to the applicable tariff is called freight.
3. The airline collects international air freight rates at the three regional rates set by the International Air Transport Association. The main guides in the first district are North America, Greenland, etc.; the second district mainly refers to Europe, Africa, Iran, etc.; the third district mainly refers to Asia, Australia 4. There are four main types of air freight rates: (1) General freight rates (GENERAL CARGO) RATE "GCR"); (2) SPECIAL CARGO RATE; SPECIFIC COMMODITY RATE "SCR"); (3) CLASS RATE "CCR"; (4) Container freight rate (UNITIZED CONSIGNMENTS RATE "UCR")
(3) Minimum freight: It is the lower freight that the airline can accept for a batch of goods, regardless of the weight or volume of the goods, the lower amount that should be charged for transporting a batch of goods between two points. Different regions have different minimum shipping rates.
(4) Other regulations on freight rates: All kinds of different air freight rates and fees have the following in common: 1. Freight rates refer from one airport to another. And only for a single direction. 2. Does not include other additional fees. Such as picking up, customs declaration, receiving and warehousing costs. 3. Freight rates are usually published in local currency. 4. Freight rates are generally calculated in kilograms or pounds. 5. The freight rate in the air waybill is the freight rate applicable on the date of the bill of lading.
